The Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft*, which was founded in 1960, is a private sponsor of research establishments in Austria. Its Institutes deal with questions relating to medicine, humanities, social sciences and cultural sciences. It is named after the great Austrian physicist, mathematician and philosopher Ludwig Boltzmann, whose broad scientific interests still remain the basis for the interdisciplinarity of the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft today.

The LBG, which is financed from public and private resources, is divided into Institutes and Clusters and currently employs around 380 people. Following a comprehensive organisational reform in 2002, Ludwig Boltzmann Institutes (LBI) have been set up on the basis of calls for proposals and international evaluation procedures. Luwdig Boltzmann Institutes are characterised in particular by their cooperation with institutional partner organisations.

 *"Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft", often abbreviated to "LBG", means "Ludwig Boltzmann Society". As "Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft" and "LBG" are corporate names, they have not been translated.